{"id":1026,"date":"2026-04-18T11:02:55","date_gmt":"2026-04-18T07:02:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.azculture.az\/?page_id=1026"},"modified":"2026-04-22T01:23:10","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T21:23:10","slug":"national-art","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.azculture.az\/index.php\/national-art\/","title":{"rendered":"Milli s\u0259n\u0259t"},"content":{"rendered":"

Az\u0259rbaycan dekorativ-t\u0259tbiqi s\u0259n\u0259ti: oyma, tikm\u0259 v\u0259 xal\u00e7a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri<\/h4>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259ngin m\u0259d\u0259ni irsi \u0259srl\u0259r boyu formala\u015fm\u0131\u015f dekorativ-t\u0259tbiqi s\u0259n\u0259t n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259ksini tap\u0131r. Bu s\u0259n\u0259t sah\u0259l\u0259ri i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 oyma, b\u0259dii tikm\u0259 v\u0259 xal\u00e7a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q x\u00fcsusi yer tutur. H\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7 istiqam\u0259t h\u0259m estetik g\u00f6z\u0259lliyi, h\u0259m d\u0259 d\u0259rin m\u0259na v\u0259 simvolikan\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259r\u0259k xalq\u0131n h\u0259yat t\u0259rzini, d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc v\u0259 tarixini g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259sill\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f

G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f nim\u00e7\u0259, III-VII \u0259sr<\/p><\/div>\n

Oyma s\u0259n\u0259ti Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259n q\u0259dim s\u0259n\u0259t n\u00f6vl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. M\u00fcxt\u0259lif materiallar \u2013 da\u015f, a\u011fac, s\u00fcm\u00fck v\u0259 metal \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 apar\u0131lan oyma i\u015fl\u0259ri ilkin d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 daha \u00e7ox informativ v\u0259 ritual xarakter da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131. Bu bax\u0131mdan Qobustan qaya\u00fcst\u00fc r\u0259sml\u0259ri x\u00fcsusi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir. Buradak\u0131 petroqlifl\u0259r q\u0259dim insanlar\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131, ov s\u0259hn\u0259l\u0259rini v\u0259 dini inanclar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ks etdir\u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm tarixi m\u0259nb\u0259dir. Zaman ke\u00e7dikc\u0259 oyma s\u0259n\u0259ti inki\u015faf ed\u0259r\u0259k memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz hiss\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir. Orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 in\u015fa olunan abid\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 \u015eirvan\u015fahlar Saray\u0131 kompleksind\u0259 da\u015f \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259kk olunmu\u015f m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b ornamentl\u0259r ustalar\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259n\u0259tkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirir.<\/p>\n

\u0130slam m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin t\u0259siri il\u0259 oyma s\u0259n\u0259tind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n \u00fcslub d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259ri ba\u015f vermi\u015fdir. Canl\u0131 varl\u0131qlar\u0131n t\u0259sviri m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ustalar daha \u00e7ox h\u0259nd\u0259si v\u0259 bitki motivl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar. Bu is\u0259 ornament s\u0259n\u0259tinin z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus milli \u00fcslubun formala\u015fmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olmu\u015fdur. A\u011fac oyma s\u0259n\u0259ti d\u0259 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r; qap\u0131lar, p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 inc\u0259 nax\u0131\u015flar i\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015fdir. Bu nax\u0131\u015flar yaln\u0131z b\u0259z\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259di da\u015f\u0131m\u0131r, eyni zamanda qoruyucu v\u0259 simvolik m\u0259na da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"Yelpik\"

Yelpik<\/p><\/div>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan dekorativ s\u0259n\u0259tinin dig\u0259r m\u00fch\u00fcm istiqam\u0259ti b\u0259dii tikm\u0259dir. Bu s\u0259n\u0259t par\u00e7a \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 iyn\u0259 v\u0259 sap vasit\u0259sil\u0259 nax\u0131\u015flar\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0259saslan\u0131r. Tikm\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259tinin tarixi \u00e7ox q\u0259dimdir v\u0259 ilkin ornamentl\u0259r sad\u0259 h\u0259nd\u0259si formalarla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Zamanla bu s\u0259n\u0259t daha da inki\u015faf ed\u0259r\u0259k z\u0259ngin motivl\u0259r sistemi formala\u015fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bitki v\u0259 \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259k motivl\u0259ri \u2013 q\u0131z\u0131lg\u00fcl, lal\u0259, nar \u00e7i\u00e7\u0259yi \u2013 tikm\u0259l\u0259rin \u0259sas elementl\u0259rini t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Eyni zamanda qu\u015f v\u0259 heyvan t\u0259svirl\u0259ri d\u0259 kompozisiyalarda m\u00fch\u00fcm yer tutur.<\/p>\n

B\u0259dii tikm\u0259d\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunan materiallar da m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyi il\u0259 se\u00e7ilir. \u0130p\u0259k, pamb\u0131q saplar, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131l v\u0259 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f tell\u0259r tikm\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 x\u00fcsusi z\u0259riflik v\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259r qat\u0131r. Bu tikm\u0259l\u0259r \u0259sas\u0259n m\u0259xm\u0259r, atlas v\u0259 dig\u0259r keyfiyy\u0259tli par\u00e7alar \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259nirdi. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131l tikm\u0259 n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ri saray m\u00fchitind\u0259 v\u0259 bayram geyiml\u0259rind\u0259 geni\u015f istifad\u0259 olunurdu. Tikm\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259ti g\u00fcnd\u0259lik h\u0259yat\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz hiss\u0259si idi \u2013 geyiml\u0259r, ba\u015f \u00f6rt\u00fckl\u0259ri, ev tekstili v\u0259 h\u0259tta at l\u0259vazimatlar\u0131 bu s\u0259n\u0259tl\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259dilirdi. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, b\u0259zi nax\u0131\u015flar qoruyucu m\u0259na da\u015f\u0131yaraq insanlar\u0131 m\u0259nfi t\u0259sirl\u0259rd\u0259n qorumaq m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 istifad\u0259 olunurdu.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur s\u0259n\u0259t sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri is\u0259 xal\u00e7a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131qd\u0131r. Xal\u00e7a yaln\u0131z m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t \u0259\u015fyas\u0131 deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 milli m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin simvoludur. Az\u0259rbaycan xal\u00e7alar\u0131 \u00f6z y\u00fcks\u0259k keyfiyy\u0259ti, r\u0259ng ah\u0259ngi v\u0259 m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b ornamentl\u0259ri il\u0259 d\u00fcnya miqyas\u0131nda tan\u0131n\u0131r. Xal\u00e7a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259srl\u0259r boyu n\u0259sild\u0259n-n\u0259sl\u0259 \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f v\u0259 bu g\u00fcn\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r qorunub saxlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"Xovlu

Xovlu s\u00fcjetli xal\u00e7a, \u201cOv\u00e7uluq\u201d, XIX \u0259sr, T\u0259briz<\/p><\/div>\n

Xal\u00e7alar \u0259sas\u0259n xovlu v\u0259 xovsuz olmaqla iki \u0259sas qrupa b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Xovlu xal\u00e7alar daha qal\u0131n v\u0259 yum\u015faq olur, xovsuz xal\u00e7alar is\u0259 kilim v\u0259 palaz kimi daha sad\u0259 formalar\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 edir. Xal\u00e7alar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda yun, pamb\u0131q v\u0259 ip\u0259k saplardan istifad\u0259 olunur, t\u0259bii boyalar vasit\u0259sil\u0259 r\u0259ngl\u0259nir. Bu proses b\u00f6y\u00fck s\u0259br v\u0259 ustal\u0131q t\u0259l\u0259b edir v\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi olaraq ail\u0259 daxilind\u0259, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 qad\u0131nlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan xal\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n biri onlar\u0131n ornamentl\u0259ridir. H\u0259r bir nax\u0131\u015f x\u00fcsusi m\u0259na da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n simvolikan\u0131 ifad\u0259 edir. H\u0259nd\u0259si fiqurlar, bitki motivl\u0259ri v\u0259 stiliz\u0259 olunmu\u015f heyvan t\u0259svirl\u0259ri xal\u00e7alar\u0131n \u0259sas b\u0259dii elementl\u0259ridir. Bu nax\u0131\u015flar b\u0259z\u0259n bolluq, b\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t, qorunma v\u0259 h\u0259yat enerjisini simvoliz\u0259 edir. Xal\u00e7a bu bax\u0131mdan yaln\u0131z dekorativ \u0259\u015fya deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259r da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan xal\u00e7a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fcxt\u0259lif regional m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259r formala\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Quba-\u015eirvan, G\u0259nc\u0259-Qazax, Qaraba\u011f v\u0259 T\u0259briz m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259ri \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsus \u00fcslub, r\u0259ng palitras\u0131 v\u0259 ornament x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 se\u00e7ilir. Bu m\u00fcxt\u0259liflik Az\u0259rbaycan xal\u00e7a s\u0259n\u0259tinin z\u0259nginliyini v\u0259 \u00e7ox\u015fax\u0259liliyini g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Xal\u00e7alar h\u0259m\u00e7inin sosial h\u0259yat\u0131n m\u00fch\u00fcm hiss\u0259si olmu\u015f, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif m\u0259rasiml\u0259rd\u0259 \u2013 toy, bayram v\u0259 dini ayinl\u0259rd\u0259 geni\u015f istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan xal\u00e7a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q s\u0259n\u0259ti beyn\u0259lxalq s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 tan\u0131n\u0131r v\u0259 qorunur. Bu s\u0259n\u0259tin inki\u015faf\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259bli\u011fi istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm add\u0131mlar at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, xal\u00e7a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri d\u00fcnya m\u0259d\u0259ni irsinin bir hiss\u0259si kimi q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdir. Bu kontekstd\u0259 UNESCO t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan xal\u00e7a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q s\u0259n\u0259tinin qeyri-maddi m\u0259d\u0259ni irs siyah\u0131s\u0131na daxil edilm\u0259si x\u00fcsusi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r.<\/p>\n

N\u0259tic\u0259 olaraq, oyma, b\u0259dii tikm\u0259 v\u0259 xal\u00e7a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259ngin m\u0259d\u0259ni irsini \u0259ks etdir\u0259n \u0259sas s\u0259n\u0259t sah\u0259l\u0259ridir. Bu s\u0259n\u0259tl\u0259r yaln\u0131z estetik d\u0259y\u0259r da\u015f\u0131m\u0131r, h\u0259m d\u0259 tarixi yadda\u015f\u0131n, milli kimliyin v\u0259 m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rin qorunmas\u0131nda m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oynay\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 inki\u015faf etdirilm\u0259si g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k n\u0259sill\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fch\u00fcm v\u0259zif\u0259 olaraq qal\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Az\u0259rbaycan dekorativ-t\u0259tbiqi s\u0259n\u0259ti: oyma, tikm\u0259 v\u0259 xal\u00e7a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259ngin m\u0259d\u0259ni irsi \u0259srl\u0259r boyu formala\u015fm\u0131\u015f dekorativ-t\u0259tbiqi s\u0259n\u0259t n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259ksini tap\u0131r. Bu s\u0259n\u0259t sah\u0259l\u0259ri i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 oyma, b\u0259dii tikm\u0259 v\u0259 xal\u00e7a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q x\u00fcsusi yer tutur. H\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7 istiqam\u0259t h\u0259m estetik g\u00f6z\u0259lliyi, h\u0259m d\u0259 d\u0259rin m\u0259na v\u0259 simvolikan\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259r\u0259k xalq\u0131n h\u0259yat t\u0259rzini, d\u00fcnyag\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc v\u0259 tarixini g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-no-title.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1026","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.azculture.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.azculture.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.azculture.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.azculture.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.azculture.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1026"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.azculture.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1026\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1254,"href":"https:\/\/www.azculture.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1026\/revisions\/1254"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.azculture.az\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}